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Johnston Atoll
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Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility is progressing, with completion anticipated in 2004 |
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14. Photos 15. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system 2. Government type: NA 3. Location: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands 4. Border Countries: none (islands) 5. Climate: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation6. Terrain: mostly flat 7. Area: 2.8 sq km 8. Capital: NA 9. Administrative divisions: none 10.
Population: 396 no indigenous inhabitants 11. Languages: English 12. Religions: NA 13. Currency: US dollar (USD) |
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