Moluki, The Maluku Islands, Wyspy Korzenne, Kepulauan Maluku |
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With the declaration of a unitary republic of Indonesia in 1950 to replace the federal state, the South Moluccas (Maluku Selatan) attempted to secede. The commencement of Indonesian transmigration of (mainly) Javanese populations to the outer islands (including Maluku) during the 1960s is thought to have aggravated independence and issues of religious / ethnic politics. There has been intermittent ethnic and nationalist violence on the islands and acts of terrorism by members of the Republik Maluku Selatan (RMS) government-in-exile in the Netherlands since that time. Maluku formed a single province of Indonesia from 1950 until 1999. In 1999 the Maluku Utara Regency was split off as a separate province of North Maluku. Its capital is Ternate, on a small island to the west of the large island of Halmahera. The capital of the remaining part of Maluku province remains at Ambon. The situation in much of Maluku has been highly unpredictable since conflict erupted in the province in January 1999. The subsequent 18 months were characterized by fighting between largely local groups of Muslims and Christians, the destruction of thousands of houses, the displacement of approximately 500,000 people, the loss of thousands of lives, and the segregation of Muslims and Christians. The following 12 months saw periodic eruptions of violence, which appeared more targeted and pre-meditated, designed to keep suspicions high and people segregated. In spite of numerous negotiations and the signing of a peace agreement in February 2002, tensions on Ambon remained high until late 2002, when a series of spontaneous 'mixings' between previously hostile groups led to a sporadic, but generally increasingly stable peace. |
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14. Photos 15. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: province of Indonesia; the islands are now divided between two Indonesian provinces, Maluku and North Maluku 2. Government type: republic (Indonesia) 3. Location: archipelago in Indonesia, located on the Australian continental plate, lying east of Sulawesi (Celebes), west of New Guinea, and north of Timor 4. Border Countries: none (islands) 5. Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands6. Terrain: most of the islands are mountainous, some with active volcanoes 7. Area: 74,500 km2 8. Capital:
Maluku - Ambon City (on Ambon Island); 9. Administrative divisions: List of major islands and island groups in Maluku: Ambon Island, Aru Islands (Kepulauan Aru), Babar Island, Barat Daya Islands (includes Wetar Island), Banda Islands (Kepulauan Banda), Buru, Kai Islands, Leti Islands, Machian, Saparua, Seram, Tanimbar Islands (Kepulauan Tanimbar, also called Timor Laut) 10. Population: Maluka - about 1 million inhabitians; North Maluku - 785,059 inhabitians (2000) 11. Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese 12. Religions: Muslim (Maluka), Christian (North Maluku) 13. Currency: Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
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