Riukiu, Ryukyu, Nansei-shoto |
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The Chinese reached the islands in the 7th cent. but did not exact tribute until the 14th cent. In the 17th cent. the Japanese prince of Satsuma invaded the islands, which thereafter paid tribute to both Japan and China. Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. navy landed in the Ryukyus in 1853. The entire archipelago was incorporated into the Japanese empire in 1879, but the islands were generally neglected by Japan. During World War II the Ryukyus were the scene of fierce fighting between U.S. and Japanese forces, with the United States winning control of the islands in 1945. After the war the islands south of lat. 30°N were placed (Aug., 1945) under a U.S. military governor at Naha. The Ryukyus became a key salient of the U.S. Pacific defense perimeter, and major military bases were established on Okinawa. In 1951, at the San Francisco Peace Conference, the Japanese were given residual sovereignty over the islands, but the United States retained actual control. The Amami group was returned to Japan in 1953. The Japanese desire to regain the remaining U.S.-held islands was a source of friction between the two countries for nearly two decades. In 1962 the occupation administration was liberalized, and in 1968, after a series of negotiations, the United States permitted the popular election of the governor of the Ryukyus and the seating of Ryukyu representatives in the Japanese Diet. The archipelago was returned to Japan in May, 1972. The United States was allowed to retain its military bases subject to certain limitations. Other forms of the name are Lu-chu, Loo-choo, Liu-kiu, and Riukiu. |
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14. Photos 15. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: British crown dependency 2. Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government (Japan) 3. Location: island chain stretching southwestward from the island of Kyushu in Japan 4. Border Countries: none (island) 5. Climate: subtropical, humid, monsoon6. Terrain: data is missing 7. Area: 2,2 sq km 8. Capital: Naha 9. Administrative divisions: data is missing 10. Population: 1.5 mln. of inhabitians (1995) 11. Languages: Japanese 12. Religions: observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%) 13. Currency: yen (JPY) |
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