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Wielka Brytania, United Kingdom, Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the European Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended due to bickering over the peace process. |
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15. Photos 16. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: UK Constituent Country 2. Government type: constitutional monarchy 3. Location: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France 4. Border Countries: Irland 360 km 5. Climate: temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast6. Terrain: mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast 7. Area: 244,820 sq km; note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands 8. Capital: London 9. Administrative divisions: 10. Dependent areas: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands 11. Population: 60,270,708 (July 2004 est.) 12. Languages: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland) 13. Religions: Anglican and Roman Catholic 40 million, Muslim 1.5 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 500,000, Hindu 500,000, Jewish 350,000 14. Currency:
British pound (GBP) |
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