MELILLA, Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla; CEUTA |
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Melilla - was a Phoenician and later Punic establishment under the name of Rusadir. Later it became a part of the Roman province of Hispania Nova Ulterior Tingitana. As centuries passed, it went through Vandal, Byzantine and Hispano-Visigothic hands. Melilla was on the frontier of the Kingdom of Tlemcen and the Kingdom of Fes when the duke of Medina Sidonia reconquered it in 1497, a few years after Castille had taken control of the last Nasrid kingdom of Granada. Ceuta - is strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of many cultures' trade and military ventures - beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC (They called the city Abyla). It wasn't until the Romans took control in about AD 42, however, that the port city (named Septem at the time) assumed an almost exclusive military purpose. Approximately 400 years later, the Vandals ousted the Romans for control, and later it fell to the Visigoths of Spain or to the Byzantines. In 710, as Muslim invaders approached the city, its Visigothic governor Julian (also described as "king of the Ghomara") changed sides and urged them to invade Spain (for personal reasons, according to the Arab chroniclers; the Visigothic King Roderick is said to have mistreated his daughter). Under the leadership of Berber general Tariq ibn Ziyad, Ceuta was used as a prime staging ground for an assault on Visigoth-ruled Iberia soon after. |
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14. Photos 15. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: Melilla and Ceuta - Spanish exclave in North Africa 2. Government type: none 3. Location: Melilla - northernmost tip of Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast; Ceuta - on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar 4. Border Countries: Maroko 5. Climate: mediterranean6. Terrain: none 7. Area: Melilla - 20 km2 (including Gomera, Alhucemas and Chafarinas); Ceuta - 28 km2 8. Capital: none 9. Administrative divisions: none 10.
Population: Mellila - 69 184 inhabitians (2003) 11. Languages: Spanish 12. Religions: Christians, Muslims, Jews and a small minority of Hindus 13. Currency: Euro (EUR) |
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