Tristan da Cunha, Tristan da Cunha Group |
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The archipelago was discovered in 1506 by a Portuguese mariner, Tristao da Cunha, who named the main island after himself. Ilha de Tristao da Cunha was later anglicised to Tristan da Cunha Island. He was unable to land. The first survey of the archipelago was made by the French frigate L'Heure du Berger in 1767. Soundings were taken and a rough survey of the coastline was made. The presence of water at the large waterfall of Big Watron and in a lake on the north coast were noted, and the results of the survey were published by a Royal Navy hydrographer in 1781. The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts who arrived at the islands in 1810. He declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. His rule was short lived, as he died in a boating accident in 1812. However, the great wealth he earned selling elephant seal oil to passing ships is supposedly still hidden somewhere on Tristan da Cunha. In 1815 the British formally annexed the islands, mostly as a measure to ensure that the French couldn't use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on St Helena. To this day, Tristanians remain loyal to the British Crown, as citizens of a British Overseas Territory. In 2005 the island was given a UK post code (TDCU 1ZZ) to make it easier for the residents to order goods online. However, shipping boats only arrive once every three weeks, so packages will still take a long time to arrive. |
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14. Photos 15. Anthem - sound file |
1. Dependency status: British dependent territory, claimed 1653. A part of St. Helena and the Dependencies, including Ascension, St. Helena and a few smaller islands. 2. Government type: none 3. Location: Approximately 1,800 miles directly west of Cape Town, South Africa - about 2,150 miles southeast of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, South America 4. Border Countries: none (island) Number of islands: 6500, of which 65 are inhabited 5. Climate: Temperate, mild conditions with constant trade winds6. Terrain: Volcanic island with a very rugged landscape 7. Area: 209 km2 (Tristan da Cunha (98 km2) 8. Capital: Edinburgh 9. Administrative divisions: none - British dependent territory; six islands: Tristan da Cunha (98 km2);
Inaccessible Island (10 km2);
Nightingale Islands (2 km2);
Middle Island (0.1 km2); 10. Population: 300 inhabitants 11. Languages: English 12. Religions: Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic 13. Currency:
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